虚拟现实技术在医学教育中的应用现状、挑战与未来发展方向

紫怡 张(四川大学华西护理学院，中国;)
缓 冯(四川大学华西医院胆道外科，中国;)
敏 高(四川大学华西医院胆道外科，中国;)
金华 冯(四川大学华西护理学院，中国;)

摘要

虚拟现实技术作为一项颠覆性教育技术，正通过其沉浸性、交互性与构想性的核心特征，重塑医学教育的范式。本文系统综述了VR技术在解剖学、临床技能操作、外科手术模拟及团队协作训练等关键领域的应用现状与作用机制。通过整合多项随机对照试验与系统评价证据，文章详实论证了VR在增强三维空间认知、加速技能自动化进程、降低临床操作风险以及培养非技术性能力方面的显著效能。进而，本文批判性地剖析了当前制约其发展的瓶颈，包括技术成本、模拟保真度、验证标准及生理舒适度等挑战。最后，基于技术融合趋势，文章前瞻性地提出VR将与人工智能、增强现实及5G等技术深度融合，朝着智能化、个性化、高保真化方向演进，为构建下一代高效、安全、可及的医学模拟教育体系奠定坚实基础。

关键词

虚拟现实；医学教育；模拟训练；沉浸式学习；外科手术模拟；教育技术；教学评估

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/nrr.v5i2.39342